Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Monitoring of Seasonal Bird Activity and Mortality on Unit 2 at the Buffalo Ridge Windplant, Minnesota Higgins, K.; Dieter, C.; Usgaard, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
National Wind Technology Center Site Environmental Assessment: Bird and Bat Use and Fatalities - Final Report Schmidt, E.; Piaggo, A.; Bock, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
The Effect of Wind Power on Birds and Bats - A Synthesis Rydell, J.; Engstrom, H.; Hedenstrom, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Big Blue Wind Energy Project Avian and Bat Protection Plan Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Searchlight Wind Energy Project Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Historical Perspective of Wind-Wildlife Challenges: How this May Affect Distributed Wind Sinclair, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Bats
Historical Challenges of Wind Energy/Wildlife Interactions: How This May Affect Distributed Wind Sinclair, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Marine Mammals Trace Anthropogenic Structures at Sea Russell, D.; Brasseur, S.; Thompson, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Marine Energy Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Ecosystem Processes
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2013 Rodrigues, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Existing Conditions and Potential Environmental Effects HT Harvey and Associates Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Seabirds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Terrestrial Mammals
Wind and Wildlife in the Northern Great Plains: Identifying Low-Impact Areas for Wind Development Fargione, J.; Kiesecker, J.; Slaats, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
A new method to determine bird and bat fatality at wind energy turbines from carcass searches Korner-Nievergelt, F.; Korner-Nievergelt, P.; Behr, O.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
The Aversive Effect of Electromagnetic Radiation on Foraging Bats - A Possible Means of Discouraging Bats from Approaching Wind Turbines Nicholls, B.; Racey, P. Journal Article Wind Energy EMF Bats
Evidence of Latitudinal Migration in Tri-colored Bats, Perimyotis subflavus Fraser, E.; McGuire, L.; Eger, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Impacts of Offshore Wind Farm Construction on Harbour Porpoises: Acoustic Monitoring of Echolocation Activity using Porpoise Detectors (T-PODs) Carstensen, J.; Henriksen, O.; Teilmann, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Negative Long Term Effects on Harbour Porpoises from a Large Scale Offshore Wind Farm in the Baltic - Evidence of Slow Recovery Teilmann, J.; Carstensen, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Enabling Renewable Energy While Protecting Wildlife: An Ecological Risk-Based Approach to Wind Energy Development Using Ecosystem-Based Management Values Copping, A.; Gorton, A.; May, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data, Stakeholder Engagement
Porpoises North of Sprogø Before, During and After Construction of an Offshore Wind Farm Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals
Scroby Sands Seal Monitoring: Analysis of the 2005 Post-Construction Aerial Surveys Skeate, E.; Perrow, M. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Construction Phase Environmental Monitoring Report Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Ltd (CMACS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Noise Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Burbo Offshore Wind Farm Volume 2: ES Biological Environment The University of Liverpool Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Summary on Seal Monitoring 1999-2005 around Nysted and Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farms Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals
Summary on Harbour Porpoise Monitoring 1999-2006 around Nysted and Horns Rev Offshore Wind Farms Teilmann, J.; Tougaard, J.; Carstensen, J. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change Marine Mammals
Review of the Reef Effects of Offshore Wind Farm Structures and their Potential for Enhancement and Mitigation UK Department for Business Innovation & Skills (BIS) Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Fish, Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Environmental Impact of Solar and Wind energy- A Review Hamed, T.; Alshare, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment
Testing and validation of automated whistle and click detectors using PAMGUARD 1.0 Yack, T.; Barlow, J.; Rankin, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Conservation Organizations Comments on June 21, 2021 OSW Workshop Cullum, L.; Hislop, K.; Aylesworth, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Marine Mammals
Environmental Data Catalog for the Humboldt Wind Energy Area Johnson, C.; Currier, C.; Howar, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Reptiles, Sea Turtles, Human Dimensions, Stakeholder Engagement
Detection of Habitat Shifts of Cetacean Species: A Comparison Between 2010 and 2017 Habitat Suitability Conditions in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Chavez-Rosales, S.; Josephson, E.; Palka, D.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy Displacement, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities Farr, H.; Ruttenberg, B.; Walter, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals
Marine Mammals Workgroup Report for the State of the Science Workshop on Wildlife and Offshore Wind Energy 2020: Cumulative Impacts Southall, B.; Morse, L.; Williams, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise Marine Mammals
Windfarms, fishing and benthic recovery: Overlaps, risks and opportunities Dunkley, F.; Solandt, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Ecosystem Processes, Fish, Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Reef effect of offshore structures on the occurrence and foraging activity of harbour porpoises Fernandez-Betelu, O.; Graham, I.; Thompson, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Attraction, Habitat Change Marine Mammals, Cetaceans
Renewable Energy and Land Use in India: A Vision to Facilitate Sustainable Development Kiesecker, J.; Baruch-Mordo, S.; Heiner, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Habitat Change Human Dimensions
The biodiversity-wind energy-land use nexus in a global biodiversity hotspot Kati, V.; Kassara, C.; Vrontisi, Z.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data
Spatial and temporal analysis of cumulative environmental effects of offshore wind farms in the North Sea basin Gusatu, L.; Menegon, S.; Depellegrin, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Chemicals, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise Birds, Physical Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions
Setting the Context for Offshore Wind Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries Gill, A.; Degraer, S.; Lipsky, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Changes in Flow, EMF, Habitat Change, Noise Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Stakeholder Engagement
Considerations for Offshore Wind Energy Development Effects on Fish and Fisheries in the United States: A Review of Existing Studies, New Efforts, and Opportunities for Innovation Perry, R.; Heyman, W. Journal Article Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Fisheries
Effects of Marine Windfarms on the Distribution of Fish, Shellfish and Marine Mammals in the Horns Rev Area Hoffmann, E.; Astrup, J.; Larsen, F.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Noise, Habitat Change, EMF, Avoidance, Attraction Pinnipeds, Marine Mammals, Invertebrates, Fish
Bats Avoid Radar Installations: Could Electromagnetic Fields Deter Bats from Colliding with Wind Turbines? Racey, P.; Nicholls, B. Journal Article Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, EMF Bats
Safeguarding Marine Protected Areas in the Growing Mediterranean Blue Economy: Recommendations for the Offshore Wind Energy Sector WWF France Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
PHAROS4MPAs: A Review of Solutions to Avoid and Mitigate Environmental Impacts of Offshore Windfarms Defingou, M.; Bils, F.; Horchler, B.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning
Probability of Impact Workshop National Wind Coordinating Collaborative Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
The management utility of large-scale environmental drivers of bat mortality at wind energy facilities: The effects of facility size, elevation and geographic location MacGregor, K.; Lemaître, J. Journal Article Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Social network analysis as a tool for marine spatial planning: Impacts of decommissioning on connectivity in the North Sea Tidbury, H.; Taylor, N.; van der Molen, J.; et al. Journal Article Marine Energy, Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Invertebrates, Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
A Multi-Criteria Approach to Evaluate Floating Offshore Wind Farms Siting in the Canary Islands (Spain) Díaz, H.; Soares, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Floating Offshore Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Marine Spatial Planning
Avian and Bat Protection Plan Including Bird and Bat Conservation Strategies and an Eagle Conservation Plan: New Era Wind Project Westwood Professional Services Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: AWA Goodhue Wind Project Westwood Professional Services Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds

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