Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
An Overview of Monitoring for Raptors in Bulgaria Spasov, S.; Arkumarev, V.; Dobrev, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds
The avian and wildlife costs of fossil fuels and nuclear power Sovacool, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision Birds, Bats
The Catchment Area of Wind Farms for European Bats: A Plea for International Regulations Voigt, C.; Popa-Lisseanu, A.; Niermann, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Scavenger removal: Bird and bat carcass persistence in a tropical wind farm Villegas-Patraca, R.; Macias-Sanchez, S.; Macgregor-Fors, I.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
The Effect of Wind Power on Birds and Bats - A Synthesis Rydell, J.; Engstrom, H.; Hedenstrom, A.; et al. Report Wind Energy Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Big Blue Wind Energy Project Avian and Bat Protection Plan Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Baseline investigations of bats and birds at wind turbine test Centre Asterild Therkildsen, O.; Elmeros, M.; Kahlert, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Bird Migration Monitoring in the AES Geo Power Wind Park Territory, Kaliakra Region, in Autumn 2012, and Analysis of Potential Impact after Three Years' Operation Zehtindjiev, P.; Whitfield, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan Young, D.; Tidhar, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
2011 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D.; Lout, M.; Courage, Z.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Using a Collision Risk Model to Assess Bird Collision Risks for Offshore Wind Farms Band, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
A Review of Flight Heights and Avoidance Rates of Birds in Relation to Offshore Wind Farms Cook, A.; Johnson, A.; Wright, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds
Seabirds & Offshore Wind Farms Monitoring Results 2011 Vanermen, N.; Stienen, E.; Onkelinx, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2012 Rodrigues, L. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Acoustic Monitoring Techniques for Avian Detection and Classification Mirzaei, G.; Majid, M.; Ross, J.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Noise Birds
The BIO-acoustic feature extraction and classification of bat echolocation calls Mirzaei, G.; Majid, M.; Ross, J.; et al. Conference Paper Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Factors Influencing Bat Activity and Mortality at a Wind Farm in the Mediterranean Region Amorim, F.; Rebelo, H.; Rodrigues, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Mortalities at a Wind Energy Facility in North Dakota Bicknell, L.; Gilliam, E. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Bat fatalities at two wind farms in Tasmania, Australia: bat characteristics, and spatial and temporal patterns Hull, C.; Cawthen, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Mortality at wind-farms is positively related to large-scale distribution and aggregation in griffon vultures Carrete, M.; Sanchez-Zapata, J.; Benitez, J.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Birds
Bat Fatalities at Wind Farms in Northern Spain - Lessons to be Learned Camina, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
The prosecutor's vulture: inconsistent MBTA prosecution, its clash with wind farms, and how to fix it Brunner, S. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Using Wind Tunnels to Predict Bird Mortality in Wind Farms: The Case of Griffon Vultures de Lucas, M.; Ferrer, M.; Janss, G. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Griffon Vulture Mortality at Wind Farms in Southern Spain: Distribution of Fatalities and Active Mitigation Measures de Lucas, M.; Ferrer, M.; Bechard, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Reduced Breeding Success in White-Tailed Eagles at Smøla windfarm, Western Norway, is Caused by Mortality and Displacement Dahl, E.; Bevanger, K.; Nygård, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision Raptors, Birds
Evidence of Late-Summer Mating Readiness and Early Sexual Maturation in Migratory Tree-Roosting Bats Found Dead at Wind Turbines Cryan, P.; Jameson, J.; Baerwald, E.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Habitat Use, Disturbance and Collision Risks for Bewick's Swans Cygnus columbianus bewickii Wintering Near a Wind Farm in the Netherlands Fijn, R.; Krijgsveld, K.; Tijsen, W.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Birds, Waterfowl
Model-Based Estimation of Collision Risks of Predatory Birds with Wind Turbines Eichhorn, M.; Johst, K.; Seppelt, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Modelled Sensitivity of Avian Collision Rate at Wind Turbines Varies with Number of Hours of Flight Activity Input Data Douglas, D.; Follestad, A.; Langston, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Assessment of bat and avian mortality at a pilot wind turbine at Coega, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa Doty, A.; Martin, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Have we all gone batty? The need for a better balance between the conservation of protected species and the development of clean renewable energy Householder, L. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Human Dimensions, Climate Change
Topography drives migratory flight altitude of golden eagles: implications for on-shore wind energy development Katzner, T.; Brandes, D.; Miller, T.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds
Direct human-caused mortality of birds: improving quantification of magnitude and assessment of population impact Loss, S.; Will, T.; Marra, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision Birds
Effect of wind energy development on breeding duck densities in the Prairie Pothole Region Loesch, C.; Walker, J.; Reynolds, R.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement Waterfowl, Birds
Impact of wind turbines on birds: a case study from Gujarat, India Kumar, S.; Ali, A.; Arun, P. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
Fixing wind power's bat problem Kumagai, J. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Visual Fields, Foraging and Collision Vulnerability in Gyps Vultures Martin, G.; Portugal, S.; Murn, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Putting Aeolus to work without the death toll: federal wind farm siting guidelines can mitigate avian and Chiropteran mortality Mensing, B. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Some Clouds Have a Silver Lining: Paradoxes of Anthropogenic Perturbations from Study Cases on Long-Lived Social Birds Oro, D.; Jimenez, J.; Curco, A. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds
Greater impacts of wind farms on bird populations during construction than subsequent operation: results of a multi-site and multi-species analysis Pearce-Higgins, J.; Stephen, L.; Douse, A.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Spatial Distribution of Wind Turbines is Crucial for the Survival of Red Kite Populations Schaub, M. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds
A Forensic Investigation Into the Etiology of Bat Mortality at a Wind Farm: Barotrauma or Traumatic Injury? Rollins, K.; Meyerholz, D.; Johnson, G.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Mortality at a Wind-Energy Facility in Southeastern Wisconsin Grodsky, S.; Jennelle, C.; Drake, D.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Bat Fatalities at Wind Farms in North-Eastern Greece Georgiakakis, P.; Kret, E.; Carcamo, B.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Attraction Bats
Bat Mortality at a Wind Power Facility in Central Canada Jameson, J.; Willis, C. Journal Article Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Horns Rev 2 Offshore Wind Farm Bird Monitoring Program 2010-2012 Skov, H.; Leonhard, S.; Heinänen, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Birds
Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy: Birds and Bats Island Institute Presentation Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Changes in Flow, Avoidance, Attraction Seabirds, Birds, Bats
Analysis of the Argyll Array Turbine Layout Iterations in Relation to Ornithological Constraints Bullman, R.; Shaylon, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds
Research Priorities for Wind Energy and Migratory Wildlife Piorkowski, M.; Farnsworth, A.; Fry, M.; et al. Journal Article Wind Energy Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats

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