Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Reducing the Collision Risk for Bats at Onshore Wind Turbines (RENEBAT II) Behr, O.; Brinkmann, R.; Korner-Nievergelt, F.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wind Energy Industry Eagle Detection and Deterrents: Research Gaps and Solutions Workshop Summary Report Sinclair, K.; DeGeorge, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Raptors, Birds
Synopsis des internationalen Kenntnisstandes zum Einfluss der Windenergie auf Fledermäuse und Vögel und Spezifizierung für die Schweiz Muller, J.; Warnke, M.; Reichenbach, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Framework for Testing the Effectiveness of Bat and Eagle Impact-Reduction Strategies at Wind Energy Projects Sinclair, K.; DeGeorge, E. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds, Bats
An Assessment of the Bat Fauna at the Hepburn Community Wind Farm, Leonards Hill, Victoria Richards, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Bats
Avian Monitoring and Risk Assessment at Tehachapi Pass and San Gorgonio Pass Wind Resource Areas, California: Phase 1 Preliminary Results Anderson, R.; Strickland, D.; Tom, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision Birds, Raptors
Fågelundersökningar vid Storruns vindkraftanläggning, Jämtland (Bird surveys at Storrun's wind farm, Jämtland) Falkdalen, U.; Lindahl, L.; Nygård, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
A Synchronized Sensor Array for Remote Monitoring of Avian and Bat Interactions with Offshore Renewable Energy Facilities Suryan, R.; Albertani, R.; Polagye, B. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Understanding the Risk of European Protected Species (Bats) at Onshore Wind Turbine Sites to Inform Risk Management Mathews, F.; Richardson, S.; Lintott, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Review of Methods and Techniques for Field Validation of Collision Rates and Avoidance Amongst Birds and Bats at Offshore Wind Turbines Dirksen, S. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind Collision Birds, Bats
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region Forcey, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
An Analytical Impact Assessment Framework for Wildlife to Inform the Siting and Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities Schwartz, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Raptors, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment, Birds
Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Warren-Hicks, W.; Newman, J.; Wolpert, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
A Summary of Bat Fatality Data in a Nationwide Database Allison, T.; Butryn, R. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2014 Rodrigues, L. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2015 Rodrigues, L. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2016 Rodrigues, L. Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2017 Rodrigues, L. Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Report of the IWG on Wind Turbines and Bat Populations 2018 Rodrigues, L. Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Regional Analysis of Wind Turbine-caused Bat and Bird Fatality: Final Report Drake, D.; Schumacher, S.; Sponsler, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Post‐Construction Bat and Bird Fatality Study at the Blue Sky Green Field Wind Energy Center, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin: July 21, 2008 – October 31, 2008 and March 15, 2009 – June 4, 2009 Gruver, J.; Sonnenburg, M.; Bay, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Bats
Reindeer and windpower Skarin, A.; Nellemann, C.; Sandström, P.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement Terrestrial Mammals
Landscape Decisions to Meet Net Zero Carbon: Pathways that consider ethics, socio-ecological diversity, and landscape functions. Landscape Decisions Report Cole, B.; Gardner, E.; Willcock, S.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Reducing Bat Fatalities From Interactions with Operating Wind Turbines (Fact Sheet) Lawson, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Preliminary Data Aggregation and Analysis of the Effects on Fish, Marine Mammals, and other Marine Organisms, and the Habitats that Support them, from a Proposed Offshore Wind Farm off the Coast of Grays Harbor, Washington Severy, M.; Overhus, D.; Tugade, L.; et al. Report Floating Offshore Wind Avoidance, Collision, EMF, Entanglement, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality, Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds, Reptiles, Climate Change, Fisheries, Marine Spatial Planning, Social & Economic Data
Evaluating a Commercial-Ready Technology for Raptor Detection and Deterrence at a Wind Energy Facility in California Terrill, S.; Howell, J.; Smith, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
The effects of wind turbines on white-tailed eagles (Haliaeetus Albicilla) in Hokkaido, Japan Shiraki, S.; Kitano, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Raptor mortality in wind farms of southern Spain: mitigation measures on a major migration bottleneck area Gallego, A.; Lucas, M.; Casado, E.; et al. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Raptors
Where eagles nest, the wind also blows: consolidating habitat and energy needs Wilson, J.; Wilson, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
A Biomimetic Ultrasonic Whistle for Use as a Bat Deterrent on Wind Turbines Sievert, P.; Modarres-Sadeghi, Y.; Smotherman, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Wind power's impacts on birds and bats - Synthesis report; Vindkraftens paaverkan paa faaglar och fladdermoess - Syntesrapport Rydell, J.; Hendenstroem, A.; Green, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy Collision Bats
Bird and Bat Collision Risks & Wind Energy Facilities Willmott, J.; Allison Costello, E.; Gordon, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Fixed Offshore Wind, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Ultrasonic Bat Deterrent Technology Kinzie, K. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Assessing Bird and Bat Mortality at the Forward Energy Center Grodsky, S.; Drake, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Evaluating a Novel Approach to Optimize Operational Minimization to Reduce Bat Fatalities at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2015 Schirmacher, M.; Prichard, A.; Mabee, T.; et al. Report Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Bats
ID Stat: Innovative Technology for Assessing Wildlife Collisions with Wind Turbines Delprat, B.; Alcuri, G. Report Wind Energy Collision Birds, Bats
Migratory Bird Research for the Proposed County Line Wind Energy Site: Fall 2011 Field Season Gehring, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Human Dimensions, Life Cycle Assessment
First year post-construction monitoring of bats and birds at Wind Turbine Test Centre Østerild Therkildsen, O.; Elmeros, M. Report Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Pilot study Bat activity in the dutch offshore wind farm OWEZ and PAWP Poerink, B.; Lagerveld, S.; Verdaat, H. Report Wind Energy Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Life Cycle Assessment
Year 1 Post-construction Avian and Bat Monitoring Report: Biglow Canyon Wind Farm Phase II Sherman County, Oregon Enk, T.; Bay, K.; Sonnenberg, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta X Wind Energy Project, Kern County, California. Final Report for the Second Year of Operation: April 2015 – April 2016 Thompson, J.; Boyd, C.; Lombardi, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Post-Construction Avian and Bat Mortality Monitoring at the Alta Wind Energy Center, Phase X, Kern County, California. Final Report for the First Year of Operation: March 2014 – March 2015 Chatfield, A.; Levenstein, K.; DiDonato, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Long-Term Trends in Fatality Rates of Birds and Bats in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, California Smallwood, S. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
2008/2009 Annual Report for the Buena Vista Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Insignia Environmental Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Interim Summary on the Effectiveness of the Winter Period Turbine Shutdown in the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Erickson, W.; Strickland, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Birds, Raptors
Final 2012-2013 Annual Report Avian and Bat Monitoring Project Vasco Winds, LLC Brown, K.; Smallwood, K.; Karas, B. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
The Role of Regional-Scale Weather Variables in Predicting Bat Mortality and Bat Acoustic Activity: Potential for Use in the Development of Smart Curtailment Algorithms Farnsworth, A.; Horton, K.; Heist, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats
Post-Construction Avian Monitoring Study for the Shiloh II Wind Power Project Solano County, California Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; Culp, L.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Tier 4 Post-Construction Mortality Monitoring Study for the Odell Wind Energy Project Cottonwood and Jackson Counties, Minnesota: Final Fatality Report December 2016 – December 2017 Chodachek, K.; Gustafson, Z. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds
Ripley Wind Power Project Post-Construction Monitoring Report Jacques Whitford Stantec Limited Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision Bats, Birds

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