Knowledge Base

The Knowledge Base provides access to documents and information about the environmental effects of wind energy, supporting the WREN initiative. Relevant documents from around the world are compiled into a user-friendly table that displays all content available in Tethys. Results can be narrowed using the keyword filters on the right, or with search terms entered in the text box, including targeted searches (e.g., org:DOE, author:copping). Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers. Some entries will appear on the next page.

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Title Author Date Content Type Technology Stressor Receptor
Improving Methods for Estimating Fatality of Birds and Bats at Wind Energy Facilities Warren-Hicks, W.; Newman, J.; Wolpert, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Bats, Birds
Interim Guidelines to Avoid and Minimize Wildlife Impacts from Wind Turbines US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
A Habitat-Based Wind-Wildlife Collision Model with Application to the Upper Great Plains Region Forcey, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Birds, Bats
Evaluating a Novel Approach to Optimize Operational Minimization to Reduce Bat Fatalities at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2015 Schirmacher, M.; Prichard, A.; Mabee, T.; et al. Report Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Analysis of the Overlap between Priority Greater Sage-Grouse Habitats and Existing and Potential Energy Development Across the West: Final Report LeBeau, C.; Fruhwirth, J.; Boehrs, J. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
Avian, bat and habitat cumulative impacts associated with wind energy development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion of Eastern Washington and Oregon Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Birds, Bats and Coastal Wind Farm Development in Maine: A Literature Review Goodale, W.; Divoll, T. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Ultrasonic Acoustic Deterrent in Reducing Bat Fatalities at Wind Energy Facilities - Final Report Arnett, E.; Hein, C.; Schirmacher, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Advancing Migratory Bird Conservation and Management by Using Radar: An Interagency Collaboration Ruth, J.; Barrow, W.; Sojda,R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind, Fixed Offshore Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions
U.S. Geological Survey Migratory Bird Science, 2020–21 Pearse, A.; Sherfy, M.; Wimer, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds, Passerines, Raptors, Physical Environment
Placement of Wind Energy Infrastructure Matters: A Quantitative Study Evaluating Response of Lesser Prairie-Chicken to a Wind Energy Facility LeBeau, C.; Kauffman, M.; Smith, K.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds, Ground-Nesting Birds
An Assessment of the Impacts of Green Mountain Power Corporation's Wind Power Facility on Breeding and Migrating Birds in Searsburg, Vermont: July 1996-July 1998 Kerlinger, P. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Passerines, Birds
Ponnequin Wind Energy Project: Reference Site Avian Study Kerlinger, P.; Curry, R.; Ryder, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Passerines, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Avian and Bat Survey Protocols For Large Wind Energy Conversion Systems in Minnesota Mixon, K.; Schrenzel, J.; Pile, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Avian, Bat and Habitat Cumulative Impacts Associated with Wind Energy Development in the Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Of Eastern Washington and Oregon 2011 Johnson, G.; Erickson, W. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Big Blue Wind Energy Project Avian and Bat Protection Plan Western Ecosystems Technology Inc (WEST) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats
Comparison of Avian Responses to UV-Light-Reflective Paint on Wind Turbines Young, D.; Erickson, W.; Strickland, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Lighting, Collision, Avoidance Raptors, Birds
Greater Sage-Grouse Habitat Use and Population Demographics at the Simpson Ridge Wind Resource Area, Carbon County, Wyoming Johnson, G.; LeBeau, C.; Nielsen, R.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Birds
Bat Interactions With Wind Turbines at the Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota Wind Resource Area: An Assessment of Bat Activity, Species Composition, and Collision Mortality Johnson, G.; Perlik, M.; Erickson, W.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Bats
Best Management Practices for siting, developing, operating, and monitoring renewable energy in the Intermountain West: A Conservationist's Guide Jones, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Terrestrial Mammals, Raptors, Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds, Bats
Monitoring of Seasonal Bird Activity and Mortality on Unit 2 at the Buffalo Ridge Windplant, Minnesota Higgins, K.; Dieter, C.; Usgaard, R. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Testing the Effectiveness of an Experimental Acoustic Bat Deterrent at the Maple Ridge Wind Farm Horn, J.; Arnett, E.; Jensen, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision Bats
Golden Eagles in a Perilous Landscape: Predicting the Effects of Mitigation for Wind Turbine Blade Strike Mortality Hunt, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Birds, Raptors
Development of a Comprehensive Conservation Strategy for the North Shore Region of Minnesota in the Context of Future Wind Power Development Peterson, A.; Niemi, G. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Passerines, Raptors
Patterns of Pre-Construction Bat Activity Determined Using Acoustic Monitoring at a Proposed Wind Facility in South-Central Wisconsin Redell, D.; Arnett, E.; Hayes, J.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
National Wind Technology Center Site Environmental Assessment: Bird and Bat Use and Fatalities - Final Report Schmidt, E.; Piaggo, A.; Bock, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Best Management Practices for Bats in New Mexico Balistreri, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Buckeye Wind Power Project Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Grande Prairie Wind Farm Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Stantec Consulting Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Searchlight Wind Energy Project Bird and Bat Conservation Strategy Tetra Tech Inc. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Human Dimensions, Legal & Policy
Sage-Grouse and Wind Energy: Biology, Habits, and Potential Effects from Development Becker, J.; Tagestad, J.; Duberstein, C.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Ground-Nesting Birds, Birds
Draft Black Oak & Getty Wind Avian and Bat Protection Plan Black Oak Wind; Getty Wind Company Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Patterns of Pre-Construction Bat Activity at a Proposed Wind Facility in South-Central Pennsylvania Arnett, E.; Hayes, J.; Huso, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Patterns of Pre-Construction Bat Activity at a Proposed Wind Facility in Northwest Massachusetts: 2006 Annual Report Arnett, E.; Huso, M.; Reynolds, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats
Post-construction Monitoring Study for the Rosewater Wind Farm White County, Indiana Rodriguez, M.; Voorhees, L.; Telander, A. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Physical Environment, Human Dimensions
Reducing Bat Fatalities From Interactions with Operating Wind Turbines (Fact Sheet) Lawson, M. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats
Effectiveness of an Operational Mitigation Experiment to Reduce Bat Fatalities at the Pinnacle Wind Farm, Mineral County, West Virginia, 2012 Hein, C.; Prichard, A.; Mabee, T.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision Bats
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: Iberdrola Renewables Iberdrola Renewables Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Biglow Canyon Wind Farm: Wildlife Monitoring and Mitigation Plan Portland General Electric Company; Oregon Department of Energy Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Synthesis and Comparison of Baseline Avian and Bat Use, Raptor Nesting and Mortality Information from Proposed and Existing Wind Developments Erickson, W.; Johnson, G.; Young, D.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Collision Birds, Bats
Developing Methods To Reduce Bird Mortality In The Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area Smallwood, K.; Thelander, C. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement Birds, Raptors
Bird Risk Behaviors and Fatalities at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area: Period of Performance: March 1998 - December 2000 Thelander, C.; Smallwood, K.; Rugge, L. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Raptors, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan for the Ocotillo Wind Energy Facility Ocotillo Express Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds, Raptors
Impacts on Wildlife and Government Responsibilities for Regulating Development and Protecting Wildlife Office, United States Government Accountability Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change, Displacement, Collision, Avoidance Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
On-Shore Bird and Bat Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring Protocol for Commercial Wind Energy Facilities in Ohio: An Addendum to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources Voluntary Cooperative Agreement Ohio Department of Natural Resources Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan: AWA Goodhue Wind Project Westwood Professional Services Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change Bats, Birds
Avian and Bat Protection Plan Including Bird and Bat Conservation Strategies and an Eagle Conservation Plan: New Era Wind Project Westwood Professional Services Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Habitat Change Bats, Birds
2012 Post-Construction Monitoring Study Criterion Wind Project Garrett County, Maryland Young, D.; Nations, C.; Lout, M.; et al. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Avoidance Birds, Bats
Criterion Wind Project Avian Protection Plan Young, D.; Tidhar, D. Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Displacement, Collision, Avoidance, Attraction Legal & Policy, Human Dimensions, Birds, Bats
Final Site-Wide Environmental Assessment Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center Golden, Colorado at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Report Wind Energy, Land-Based Wind Collision, Habitat Change Birds, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment

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