Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
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| Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content | Technology Types |
Stressors |
Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birds and Wave & Tidal Stream Energy: An Ecological Review | McCluskie, A., Langston, R., Wilkinson, N. | January 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds |
| Assessment of Risk to Marine Mammals from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters: Phase 1 - Desktop Review of Marine Mammals and Risks from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters | Wilson, B., Gordon, J. | March 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Marine Mammals |
| Assessment of Risk to Diving Birds from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters: Phase 2 - Field Methodologies and Site Assessments | Robinson, C., Cook, G. | February 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl |
| Data Based Estimates of Collision Risk: An Example Based on Harbour Seal Tracking Data around a Proposed Tidal Turbine Array in the Pentland Firth | Thompson, D., et al. | January 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Estimation of the Risks of Collision or Strike to Freshwater Aquatic Organisms Resulting from Operation of Instream Hydrokinetic Turbines | Schweizer, P., Cada, G., Bevelhimer, M. | May 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Riverine | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Fish |
| Informing a Tidal Turbine Strike Probability Model through Characterization of Fish Behavioral Response using Multibeam Sonar Output | Bevelhimer, M., et al. | July 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Fish |
| Assessing collision risk between underwater turbines and marine wildlife | Scottish Natural Heritage | May 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | N/A |
| Collision Risk of Fish with Wave and Tidal Devices | ABP Marine Environmental Research | July 2010 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Fish |
| Collision Risks Between Marine Renewable Energy Devices and Mammals, Fish and Diving Birds | Wilson, B., et al. | March 2007 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Environmental Effects of Hydrokinetic Turbines on Fish: Desktop and Laboratory Flume Studies | Jacobson, P., et al. | December 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Fish |
| MaRVEN - Environmental Impacts of Noise, Vibrations and Electromagnetic Emissions from Marine Renewable Energy | Thomsen, F., et al. | September 2015 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Attraction, Avoidance, EMF | N/A |
| Evaluation of Potential EMF Effects on Fish Species of Commercial or Recreational Fishing Importance in Southern New England | Snyder, D., et al. | August 2019 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Attraction, Avoidance, EMF | Fish, Demersal Fish, Pelagic Fish, Invertebrates, Fisheries |
| Attraction To and Avoidance of Instream Hydrokinetic Turbines by Freshwater Aquatic Organisms | Cada, G., Bevelhimer, M. | May 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Riverine | Attraction, Avoidance, Habitat Change | Fish |
| Avian Radar Baseline Study: Final Survey Report for the Proposed Reedsport Ocean Power Technologies Wave Park | Geo-Marine | April 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Attraction, Collision | Birds, Seabirds |
| Assessment of Potential Impact of Electromagnetic Fields from Undersea Cable on Migratory Fish Behavior | Kavet, R., et al. | September 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Attraction, EMF | Fish |
| Renewable Energy in situ Power Cable Observation | Love, M., et al. | April 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, EMF | Fish, Invertebrates |
| Feasibility of Sensor Development for Monitoring Marine Growth | Yunnie, A., Vance, T., Ramsden, R. | April 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates |
| Feasibility of Predictive Mapping of Marine Growth | Miller, R., Macleod, A. | August 2015 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Habitat Change | Invertebrates |
| The use of Acoustic Deterrents for the mitigation of injury to marine mammals during pile driving for offshore wind farm construction | Sparling, C., et al. | October 2015 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling | Herschel, A., et al. | October 2013 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling - Research Summary | Herschel, A., et al. | November 2013 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Joint Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies Position Statement: ORJIP Project 4, Stage 1 of Phase 2 | Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies (SNCB) | October 2016 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Detection of Marine Mammals and Effects Monitoring at the NSPI (OpenHydro) Turbine Site in the Minas Passage during 2010 | Tollit, D., et al. | February 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Pathways of Effects for Offshore Renewable Energy in Canada | Isaacman, L., Daborn, G. | December 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions |
| Brims Tidal Array Collision Risk Modelling - Atlantic Salmon | Xodus Group | March 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Collision | Fish |
| Estimates of Collision Risk of Harbour Porpoises and Marine Renewable Energy Devices at Sites of High Tidal-Stream Energy | Wilson, B., et al. | November 2014 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Collision | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Evaluation of Survival and Behavior of Fish Exposed to an Axial-Flow Hydrokinetic Turbine | Amaral, S., Giza, D., McMahon, B. | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Avoidance, Collision | Fish |
| Biological and Existing Data Analysis to Inform Risk of Collision and Entanglement Hypotheses | Kropp, R. | December 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Avoidance, Collision, Entrapment | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Interactions of Aquatic Animals with the ORPC OCGen in Cobscook Bay, Maine: Monitoring Behavior Change and Assessing the Probability of Encounter with a Deployed MHK Device | Zydlewski, G., et al. | October 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Collision, Habitat Change | Fish |
| Marine Mammal Behavioral Response to Tidal Turbine Sound | Robertson, F., et al. | June 2018 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| The Use of Acoustic Devices to Warn Marine Mammals of Tidal-Stream Energy Devices | Wilson, B., Carter, C. | September 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Short-Term Effects of the Construction of Wind Turbines on Harbour Porpoises at Horns Reef | Tougaard, J., et al. | April 2003 | Report | Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Evaluating and Assessing the Relative Effectiveness of Acoustic Deterrent Devices and other Non-Lethal Measures on Marine Mammals | Coram, A., et al. | October 2014 | Report | N/A | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Modelling the Effects of Marine Energy Extraction on Non-Cohesive Sediment Transport and Morphological Change in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters | Fairley, I., Karunarathna, H., Chatzirodou, A. | January 2017 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| Laboratory Studies on the Effects of Shear on Fish | Nietzel, D., et al. | September 2000 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Riverine | Changes in Flow | Fish |
| TeraWatt Position Papers: A "Toolbox" of Methods to Better Understand and Assess the Effects of Tidal and Wave Energy Arrays on the Marine Environment | Murray, R., et al. | August 2015 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality |
| Wave Energy Converter (WEC) Array Effects on Wave, Current, and Sediment Circulation: Monterey Bay, CA | Jones, C., Magalen, J., Roberts, J. | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| Implications of Tidal Energy Extraction on Sedimentary Processes within Shallow Intertidal Environments | van Proosdij, D., et al. | March 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| Effects of Energy Extraction on Sediment Dynamics in Intertidal Ecosystems of the Minas Basin | van Proosdij, D., et al. | February 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| Impacts of Tidal Energy Extraction on Sediment Dynamics in Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy, NS | Smith, P., et al. | January 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| Further Investigation of Wave Energy Converter Effects on Wave Fields: A Subsequent Modeling Sensitivity Study in Monterey Bay, CA | Magalen, J., et al. | December 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment |
| SNL-EFDC Model Application to Scotlandville Bend, Mississippi River | Barco, J., et al. | September 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Riverine | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| SNL-EFDC Simulations of MHK-Related Changes to Tidal Range and Flushing | Roberts, J., James, S. | September 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Changes in Flow | N/A |
| SNL-EFDC Model Application to Cobscook Bay, ME | Roberts, J., James, S. | September 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment |
| Assessing the Far Field Effects of Tidal Power Extraction on the Bay of Fundy, Gulf of Maine and Scotian Shelf | Sheng, J., et al. | June 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality |
| Investigation of Wave Energy Converter Effects on Near‐Shore Wave Fields: Model Generation, Validation and Evaluation ‐ Kaneohe Bay, HI | Roberts, J., Chang, G., Jones, C. | March 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment |
| Near Field Effects of Tidal Power Extraction on Extreme Events and Coastline Integrity in the Bay of Fundy | Watanabe, R. | March 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Nearfield Habitat, Physical Environment |
| Sediment Transport Study: Baseline Observations and Modeling for the Reedsport Wave Energy Site | Ozkan-Haller, H., et al. | December 2009 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| A Scoping Study on: Research into Changes in Sediment Dynamics Linked to Marine Renewable Energy Installations | Amoudry, L., et al. | April 2009 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| Preliminary Assessment of the Conservation Importance of Benthic Epifaunal Species and Habitats | Moore, C. | January 2009 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Changes in Flow | Invertebrates |
| The Benthic Environment of the North and West of Scotland and the Northern and Western Isles: Sources of Information and Overview | Wilding, T., Hughes, D., Black, K. | October 2005 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Changes in Flow | Invertebrates, Physical Environment |
| The Practice of Comprehensive Silt Proof Measures in Tide Power Stations | Liu, X., Fagong, L. | September 2001 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Sediment Transport |
| The Annapolis Tidal Power Project Head Pond Water Levels - Impacts and Mitigations | Rice, R. | September 1984 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment |
| Assessment of the Potential of Tidal Power from Minas Passage and Minas Basin | Karsten, R., et al. | November 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | Nearfield Habitat, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data |
| Cross Coupling between Device Level CFD and Oceanographic Models Applied to Multiple TISECs in Minas Passage | Klaptocz, V., et al. | February 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Changes in Flow | N/A |
| Wave Energy Deployments Physical Impact Guidelines | McInnes, K., et al. | February 2018 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Changes in Flow | Physical Environment, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Review of Wave Hub Technical Studies: Impacts on Inshore Surfing Beaches | Black, K. | December 2007 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Changes in Flow | Human Dimensions, Recreation & Tourism |
| A Framework for Net Environmental Benefit Analysis for Remediation or Restoration of Petroleum-Contaminated Sites | Efroymson, R., Nicolette, J., Suter II, G. | January 2003 | Report | N/A | Chemicals | Nearfield Habitat |
| Modeling the Physical and Biochemical Influence of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plant | Grandelli, P., et al. | September 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, OTEC | Chemicals | Nearfield Habitat |
| Screening for Biofouling and Corrosion of Tidal Energy Device Materials: In-Situ Results for Admiralty Inlet, Puget Sound, Washington | Polagye, B., Thomson, J. | April 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Chemicals | Nearfield Habitat |
| Strategic Environmental Assessment Area 8 - Contamination of Water and Sediments | Voisey, C., Tyrrell, D., Rowlatt, S | March 2004 | Report | N/A | Chemicals | Nearfield Habitat |
| D4.17 Report on environmental monitoring protocols | Magagna, D., et al. | May 2014 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
| Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Environmental Impacts | NOAA Office of Ocean & Coastal Resource Management | January 2010 | Report | Marine Energy (General), OTEC | Chemicals, EMF, Entrapment | Ecosystem Processes, Nearfield Habitat |
| Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Final Environmental Impact Statement | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | July 1981 | Report | Marine Energy general, OTEC | Chemicals, Noise, Static Device | Farfield Environment, Nearfield Habitat, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Assessment and Control of OTEC Ecological Impacts | Wilde, P., Sandusky, J., Jassby, A. | December 1978 | Report | Marine Energy general, OTEC | Chemicals, Static Device | Socio-economics, Legal and Policy |
| Environmental Assessment for Mississippi River Lock and Dam No. 2 Hydroelectric Project | City of Hastings | September 2008 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Riverine | Collision | Fish, Nearfield Habitat, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Modeling the Effect of Vessel Speed on Right Whale Ship Strike Risk | Kite-Powell, H., Knowlton, A., Brown, M. | April 2007 | Report | N/A | Collision | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Tracking Marine Mammals Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices Using Active Sonar | Hastie, G. | July 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Collision, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds |
| Effects of Displacement from Marine Renewable Development on Seabirds Breeding at SPAs: A Proof of Concept Model of Common Guillemots Breeding on the Isle of May | McDonald, C., et al. | May 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Displacement | Birds, Seabirds |
| Analysis of the Possible Displacement of Bird and Marine Mammal Species Related to the Installation and Operation of Marine Energy Conversion Systems | Long, C. | January 2017 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| An Estimation Of Survival And Injury Of Fish Passed Through The Hydro Green Energy Hydrokinetic System, And A Characterization Of Fish Entrainment Potential At The Mississippi Lock And Dam No. 2 Hydroelectric Projects | Normandeau Associates | December 2009 | Report | Marine Energy general, Riverine | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| Assessment of Strike of Adult Killer Whales by an OpenHydro Tidal Turbine Blade | Carlson, T., et al. | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals |
| Evaluation of Blade-Strike Models for Estimating the Biological Performance of Large Kaplan Turbines | Deng, Z., et al. | November 2005 | Report | Marine Energy general, Riverine | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| Evaluation of Fish-Injury Mechanisms During Exposure to a High-Velocity Jet | Guensch, G., Mueller, R., Dauble, D. | November 2002 | Report | Marine Energy general | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| Evaluation of Fish Injury and Mortality Associated with Hydrokinetic Turbines | Amaral, S., et al. | November 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Riverine | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| Fish Passage Through Turbines: Application of Conventional Hydropower Data to Hydrokinetic Technologies | Electric Power Research Institute | October 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Riverine | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| Large Whale Ship Strike Database | Jensen, A., Silber, G. | January 2004 | Report | N/A | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Using Ship Speed and Mass to Describe Potential Collision Severity with Whales: An Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy and Environment Model (STEEM) | Wang, C., et al. | January 2007 | Report | N/A | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Simulating Collisions for Hydrokinetic Turbines | Richmond, M., Romero-Gomez, P., Rakowski, C. | October 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| Comparison of Blade-Strike Modeling Results with Empirical Data | Ploskey, G., Carlson, T. | March 2004 | Report | Marine Energy general, Riverine | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| A Diving Bird Collision Risk Assessment Framework for Tidal Turbines | Grant, M., Trinder, M., Harding, N. | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Annex I: Movements and Diving Behaviour of Juvenile Grey Seals in Areas of High Tidal Energy | Thompson, D. | July 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| MR7.2.1 Collision Risk: A Brief Review of Available Information on Behaviour of Mammals and Birds in High Tidal Energy Areas | Onoufriou, J., Thompson, D. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| MR7.2.2 Collision Risk and Impact Study: Examination of Models for Estimating the Risk of Collisions Between Seals and Tidal Turbines | Lonergan, M., Thompson, D. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| MR7.2.3 Collision Risk and Impact Study: Field Tests of Turbine Blade-Seal Carcass Collisions | Thompson, D., et al. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Assessment of Collision Risk for Seals and Tidal Stream Turbines | Davies, I., Thompson, F. | January 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Sediment Transport Study Phase 1 | Oregon State University | December 2009 | Report | N/A | Dynamic Device | N/A |
| Laboratory Experiments on the Effects of Blade Strike from Hydrokinetic Energy Technologies on Larval and Juvenile Freshwater Fishes | Schweizer, P., Cada, G., Bevelhimer, M. | March 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Riverine | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| Refining Estimates of Collision Risk for Harbour Seals and Tidal Turbines | Band, B., et al. | January 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Marine Animal Alert System Task 2.1.5.3 - Development of Monitoring Technologies Final Report | Carlson, T., et al. | September 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals |
| Tidal Energy Fish Impact: Method Development to Determine the Impact of Open Water Tidal Energy Converters on Fish | Smit, M., et al. | December 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Fish |
| Assessment of Risk to Diving Birds from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters: Phase 1 - Desktop Review of Birds in Welsh Waters and Preliminary Risk Assessment | Loughrey, J., et al. | February 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl |
| Tidal Turbine Collision Detection: A review of the state-of-the-art sensors and imaging systems for detecting mammal collisions | Jha, S. | May 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals |
| Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy (RITE) Environmental Assessment Project | Adonizio, M., Smith, R. | March 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device, Static Device | Fish |
| Effects of EMFs from Undersea Power Cables on Elasmobranchs and other Marine Species | Normandeau Associates, et al. | May 2011 | Report | N/A | EMF | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Fish and Invertebrates - FY2012 Progress Report | Woodruff, D., et al. | May 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general | EMF | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Marine Species: A Literature Review | Slater, M. | September 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general | EMF | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effects on Freshwater Organisms of Magnetic Fields Associated with Hydrokinetic Turbines | Cada, G., et al. | July 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Riverine | EMF | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish |
| Electromagnetic Field Study | Slater, M., et al. | September 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave | EMF | N/A |
| Magnetic Intensity Study: Long Island Replacement Cables | Ocean Surveys | November 2010 | Report | N/A | EMF | N/A |
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