Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
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| Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content | Technology Types |
Stressors |
Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment of Risk to Marine Mammals from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters: Phase 1 - Desktop Review of Marine Mammals and Risks from Underwater Marine Renewable Devices in Welsh Waters | Wilson, B., Gordon, J. | March 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Collision, Displacement | Marine Mammals |
| Data Based Estimates of Collision Risk: An Example Based on Harbour Seal Tracking Data around a Proposed Tidal Turbine Array in the Pentland Firth | Thompson, D., et al. | January 2016 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Collision Risks Between Marine Renewable Energy Devices and Mammals, Fish and Diving Birds | Wilson, B., et al. | March 2007 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Attraction, Avoidance, Collision, Displacement | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| The use of Acoustic Deterrents for the mitigation of injury to marine mammals during pile driving for offshore wind farm construction | Sparling, C., et al. | October 2015 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling | Herschel, A., et al. | October 2013 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Use of Deterrent Devices and Improvements to Standard Mitigation during Piling - Research Summary | Herschel, A., et al. | November 2013 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Joint Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies Position Statement: ORJIP Project 4, Stage 1 of Phase 2 | Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies (SNCB) | October 2016 | Report | Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Detection of Marine Mammals and Effects Monitoring at the NSPI (OpenHydro) Turbine Site in the Minas Passage during 2010 | Tollit, D., et al. | February 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Estimates of Collision Risk of Harbour Porpoises and Marine Renewable Energy Devices at Sites of High Tidal-Stream Energy | Wilson, B., et al. | November 2014 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Collision | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Biological and Existing Data Analysis to Inform Risk of Collision and Entanglement Hypotheses | Kropp, R. | December 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Avoidance, Collision, Entrapment | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Marine Mammal Behavioral Response to Tidal Turbine Sound | Robertson, F., et al. | June 2018 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| The Use of Acoustic Devices to Warn Marine Mammals of Tidal-Stream Energy Devices | Wilson, B., Carter, C. | September 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| Short-Term Effects of the Construction of Wind Turbines on Harbour Porpoises at Horns Reef | Tougaard, J., et al. | April 2003 | Report | Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Evaluating and Assessing the Relative Effectiveness of Acoustic Deterrent Devices and other Non-Lethal Measures on Marine Mammals | Coram, A., et al. | October 2014 | Report | N/A | Avoidance, Noise | Marine Mammals |
| D4.17 Report on environmental monitoring protocols | Magagna, D., et al. | May 2014 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
| Modeling the Effect of Vessel Speed on Right Whale Ship Strike Risk | Kite-Powell, H., Knowlton, A., Brown, M. | April 2007 | Report | N/A | Collision | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Tracking Marine Mammals Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices Using Active Sonar | Hastie, G. | July 2013 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Collision, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds |
| Analysis of the Possible Displacement of Bird and Marine Mammal Species Related to the Installation and Operation of Marine Energy Conversion Systems | Long, C. | January 2017 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| Assessment of Strike of Adult Killer Whales by an OpenHydro Tidal Turbine Blade | Carlson, T., et al. | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals |
| Large Whale Ship Strike Database | Jensen, A., Silber, G. | January 2004 | Report | N/A | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Using Ship Speed and Mass to Describe Potential Collision Severity with Whales: An Application of the Ship Traffic, Energy and Environment Model (STEEM) | Wang, C., et al. | January 2007 | Report | N/A | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Annex I: Movements and Diving Behaviour of Juvenile Grey Seals in Areas of High Tidal Energy | Thompson, D. | July 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| MR7.2.1 Collision Risk: A Brief Review of Available Information on Behaviour of Mammals and Birds in High Tidal Energy Areas | Onoufriou, J., Thompson, D. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| MR7.2.2 Collision Risk and Impact Study: Examination of Models for Estimating the Risk of Collisions Between Seals and Tidal Turbines | Lonergan, M., Thompson, D. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| MR7.2.3 Collision Risk and Impact Study: Field Tests of Turbine Blade-Seal Carcass Collisions | Thompson, D., et al. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Assessment of Collision Risk for Seals and Tidal Stream Turbines | Davies, I., Thompson, F. | January 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Refining Estimates of Collision Risk for Harbour Seals and Tidal Turbines | Band, B., et al. | January 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Marine Animal Alert System Task 2.1.5.3 - Development of Monitoring Technologies Final Report | Carlson, T., et al. | September 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals |
| Tidal Turbine Collision Detection: A review of the state-of-the-art sensors and imaging systems for detecting mammal collisions | Jha, S. | May 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Marine Mammals |
| Effects of EMFs from Undersea Power Cables on Elasmobranchs and other Marine Species | Normandeau Associates, et al. | May 2011 | Report | N/A | EMF | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Marine Species: A Literature Review | Slater, M. | September 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general | EMF | Benthic Invertebrates, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Effects of EMFs from Underwater Power Cables on Elasmobranchs and Other Marine Species | Tricas, T., Gill, A. | May 2011 | Report | N/A | EMF | Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| Summary Report on Environmental Monitoring Related to the Pearson College - ENCANA - Clean Current Tidal Power Demonstration Project at Race Rocks Ecological Reserve | Thuringer, P., Reidy, R. | December 2006 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat |
| Fairhead Tidal Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Document | McGrath, C. | December 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Environmental Effects Monitoring Report 2011-2013 | FORCE | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Understanding the Potential for Marine Megafauna Entanglement Risk from Marine Renewable Energy Developments | Benjamins, S., et al. | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Entrapment | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Testing the Effectiveness of an Acoustic Deterrent for Grey Whales Along the Oregon Coast | Lagerquist, B., Windsor, M., Mate, B. | December 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Entrapment, Noise | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| A Characterization of Marine Mammals and Turtles in the Mid and North Atlantic Areas of the US Outer Continental Shelf | Cetacean and Turtle Assessment Program | June 1981 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Reptiles |
| Abundance and Behaviour of Cetaceans and Basking Sharks in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters | Evans, P., Baines, M., Coppock, J. | January 2011 | Report | N/A | N/A | Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Approaches to Marine Mammal Monitoring at Marine Renewable Energy Developments | Macleod, K., et al. | August 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Distribution and Movement Patterns of Gray Whales Off Central Oregon: Shore-Based Observations from Yaquina During the 2007/2008 Migration | Mate, B., Ortega-Ortiz, J. | October 2008 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| EMEC Tidal Test Facility Fall of Warness Eday, Orkney: Environmental Statement | Foubister, L. | June 2005 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| FORCE Environmental Effects Monitoring Report September 2009 to January 2011 | FORCE | January 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Guidance on Survey and Monitoring in Relation to Marine Renewable Deployments in Scotland - Draft Reports | Royal Haskoning | September 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| High Definition Imagery for Surveying Seabirds and Marine Mammals: A Review of Recent Trials and Development of Protocols | Thaxter, C., Burton, N. | November 2009 | Report | N/A | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Marine Mammals |
| Marine Megavertebrates and Fishery Resources in the Nantucket Sound - Muskeget Channel Area | Leeney, R., et al. | September 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Oregon State University and Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center Wave Energy Test Project | US Department of Energy | August 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Real-Time Monitoring for Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in the Eagle River, Alaska using a PAMBuoy Detection System | Gillespie, D., et al. | May 2013 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Potential Impacts of Ocean Energy Development on Marine Mammals in Oregon | Davis, A. | December 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Ramsey Sound Tidal Energy Limited Non-Technical Summary of the Environmental Statement | Tidal Energy | October 2009 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Draft Recovery Plan for the North Pacific Right Whale (Eubalaena japonica) | National Marine Fisheries Service | January 2013 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Reedsport OPT Environmental Assessment | Ocean Power Technologies | December 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics |
| Review of Recent Literature Relevant to the Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Devices 2011 | Kropp, R. | September 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Utilisation of Space by Grey and Harbour Seals in the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters | SMRU | January 2011 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| A Protocol for Implementing the Interim Population Consequences of Disturbance (PCoD) approach: Quantifying and Assessing the Effects of UK Offshore Renewable Energy Developments on Marine Mammal Populations | Booth, C., et al. | November 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Pacific Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment (PaCSEA): Aerial Seabird and Marine Mammal Surveys off Northern California, Oregon, and Washington, 2011-2012 | Adams, J., et al. | March 2014 | Report | N/A | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds |
| Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetacean Activity Patterns and Movements in Minas Passage: Pre-Turbine Baseline Conditions | Tollit, D., Redden, A. | July 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Admiralty Inlet Final Environmental Assessment | Snohomish County Public Utility District No. 1 | August 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast | Kaplan, B., et al. | July 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics |
| The Marine Habitat Classification for Britain and Ireland | Connor, D., et al. | May 2004 | Report | N/A | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Assessment of the Marine Renewables Industry in Relation to Marine Mammals: Synthesis of Work Undertaken by the ICES Working Group on Marine Mammal Ecology (WGMME) | Murphy, S., et al. | January 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| MERiFIC 3.3.2: Grey Seal Population Surveys of the Isles of Scilly and Parc Naturel Marin d'Iroise | Witt, M. | December 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| MERiFIC 3.3.2: Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Small Cetaceans in the Isles of Scilly | Pikesley, S., Godley, B., Witt, M. | March 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Differentiating Serious and Non-Serious Injury of Marine Mammals: Report of the Serious Injury Technical Workshop | Andersen, M., et al. | September 2008 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| EMEC Billia Croo Wave Test Site: Wildlife Observations Project Annual Report | Marine Scotland | May 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Analysis of Bird and Marine Mammal Data for Billia Croo Wave Test Site, Orkney | Robbins, A. | January 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Fall of Warness Wildlife Observations Methodology | European Marine Energy Centre | February 2013 | Report | N/A | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| EMEC Fall of Warness Tidal Test Site: Wildlife Observations Project Annual Report | Marine Scotland | May 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Analysis of Bird and Marine Mammal Data for Fall of Warness Tidal Test Site, Orkney | Robbins, A. | January 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Waterfowl, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Statistical Modelling of Seabird and Cetacean Data: Guidance Document | Mackenzie, M., et al. | October 2013 | Report | N/A | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Statistical Modelling of Seabird and Cetacean Data: Literature Review | Oedekoven, C., et al. | May 2014 | Report | N/A | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| User Guide for the MRSea Package: Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment | Scott-Hayward, L., et al. | October 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| MRSea Package (version 0.0.1): Statistical Modelling of Bird and Cetacean Distributions in Offshore Renewables Development Areas | Scott-Hayward, L., et al. | November 2013 | Report | N/A | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| MR3 Methods for Tracking Fine Scale Movements of Marine Mammals around Marine Tidal Devices | McConnell, B., et al. | July 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Environmental Assessment Registration Document - Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project Volume I: Environmental Assessment | AECOM | June 2009 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| EMEC Fall of Warness Test Site: Environmental Appraisal | European Marine Energy Centre | August 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| California Current Cetacean & Ecosystem Assessment Survey (CalCurCEAS): Final Report to Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Regarding Surveys of Windfloat and Wave Energy Areas | Barlow, J., Henry, A., Ballance, L. | April 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Ecosystem, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Guidance to Inform Marine Mammal Site Characterisation Requirements at Wave and Tidal Stream Energy Sites in Wales | Sparling, C., et al. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| MR7.1.2 The Density and Behaviour of Marine Mammals in Tidal Rapids | Macaulay, J., et al. | July 2015 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| MR1 & MR2 Current State of Knowledge of the Effects of Offshore Renewable Energy Generation Devices on Marine Mammals and Research Requirements: Update, September 2014 | Thompson, D., et al. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| MR6.1 Review of Methodology and Main Results of the JCP Analysis of Cetacean Densities in the Context of Marine Renewable Development | Lonergan, M., Hammond, P. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| MR6.2 Definition of 'Range' in the Context of Marine Renewable Energy Development and Marine Mammal Conservation | Northridge, S. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| MR7.1.1 Quantifying Porpoise Depth Distributions and Underwater Behaviour in Tidal Rapids Areas | Macaulay, J., et al. | July 2015 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Installation of Tidal Turbine Array at Kyle Rhea, Scotland: Scoping Study | Bedford, G., Tarrant, D., Trendall, J. | March 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Farfield Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| The Kyle Rhea Tidal Stream Array Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary | Sea Generation | January 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Farfield Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| The Sensitivity of UK Marine Mammal Populations to Marine Renewables Developments | Harwood, J., King, S. | March 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds |
| Studies of Harbour Seal Behaviour in Areas of High Tidal Energy: Part 1. Movements and Diving Behaviour of Harbour Seals in Kyle Rhea | Thompson, D. | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| NERC Knowledge Exchange: An Autonomous Device to Track Porpoise Movements in Tidal Rapids | Macaulay, J., et al. | November 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Wave and Tidal Consenting Position Paper Series: Marine Mammal Impacts | Sparling, C., et al. | October 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| The Number and Distribution of Marine Mammals in the Fall of Warness, Orkney July 2005 - July 2006 | Duck, C., et al. | August 2006 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds |
| Seal Telemetry Inventory | Sparling, C. | March 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Harbor Seal - Tidal Turbine Collision Risk Models. An Assessment of Sensitivities. | Wood, J., Joy, R., Sparling, C. | March 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Temporal Patterns in Minas Basin Intertidal Weir Fish Catches and Presence of Harbour Porpoise during April - August 2013 | Baker, M., Reed, M., Redden, A. | July 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Marine Mammals |
| Marine Biogeographic Assessment of the Main Hawaiian Islands | Costa, B., Kendall, M. | July 2016 | Report | N/A | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| MERiFIC 3.3.3: Technical Report Biodiversity Assessment - Methods for Surveying Marine Mammal Biodiversity around Small Islands | Ingram, S. | May 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds |
| The Number and Distribution of Marine Mammals in the Fall of Warness, Orkney July 2006 - July 2007 | Lonergan, M., et al. | August 2007 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds |
| Determining the Water Column Usage by Seals in the Brims Lease Site | Evers, C., et al. | November 2017 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Nova Bluemull Sound - Appropriate Assessment | Marine Scotland | January 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Seabirds, Marine Mammals |
| Whale Entanglements Off California Fact Sheet | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Socio-economics, Fishing |
| Understanding the Effectiveness of Acoustic Deterrent Devices on Minke Whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), A Low Frequency Cetacean | McGarry, T., et al. | November 2017 | Report | N/A | N/A | Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
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