Knowledge Base
The Knowledge Base provides access to information about the environmental effects of marine and wind energy, supporting OES-Environmental and WREN initiatives. Relevant documents and OES-Environmental metadata forms are compiled into a user-friendly table with advanced filtering. Filters may be selected on the right, or keywords entered in the Search Text box. Content may also be sorted alphabetically by clicking on column headers.
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| Title | Author* | Date** | Type of Content | Technology Types | Stressors |
Receptors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable Energy and Wildlife Conservation | Moorman, C., Grodsky, S., Rupp, S. | January 2019 | Book | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General) | N/A | Bats, Birds |
| Updated Summary of Knowledge: Selected Areas of the Pacific Coast | Kaplan, B., et al. | July 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Ecosystem, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics |
| Installation of Tidal Turbine Array at Kyle Rhea, Scotland: Scoping Study | Bedford, G., Tarrant, D., Trendall, J. | March 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Farfield Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| The Kyle Rhea Tidal Stream Array Environmental Statement: Non-Technical Summary | Sea Generation | January 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Farfield Environment, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Assessing Wave Energy Effects on Biodiversity: The Wave Hub Experience | Witt, M., et al. | October 2010 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| FORCE Environmental Effects Monitoring Report September 2009 to January 2011 | FORCE | January 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Environmental Effects Monitoring Program Annual Report 2017 | FORCE | January 2018 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Environmental Effects Monitoring Report 2011-2013 | FORCE | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Fairhead Tidal Environmental Impact Assessment Scoping Document | McGrath, C. | December 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Oregon State University and Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center Wave Energy Test Project | US Department of Energy | August 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| Ramsey Sound Tidal Energy Limited Non-Technical Summary of the Environmental Statement | Tidal Energy | October 2009 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics |
| EMEC Fall of Warness Test Site: Environmental Appraisal | European Marine Energy Centre | August 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Marine Renewable Energy and Environmental Interactions: Baseline Assessments of Seabirds, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles and Benthic Communities on the Oregon Shelf | Henkel, S., Suryan, R., Lagerquist, B. | February 2014 | Book Chapter | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles |
| Guidance on Survey and Monitoring in Relation to Marine Renewable Deployments in Scotland - Draft Reports | Royal Haskoning | September 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Environmental Monitoring at the Maren Wave Power Test Site | Andersen, K., et al. | September 2009 | Conference Paper | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Summary Report on Environmental Monitoring Related to the Pearson College - ENCANA - Clean Current Tidal Power Demonstration Project at Race Rocks Ecological Reserve | Thuringer, P., Reidy, R. | December 2006 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | EMF, Noise | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat |
| Environmental Assessment Registration Document - Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project Volume I: Environmental Assessment | AECOM | June 2009 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Benthic Invertebrates, Birds, Seabirds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Socio-economics, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Evaluating the Statistical Power of Detecting Changes in the Abundance of Seabirds at Sea | Maclean, I., et al. | January 2013 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Population Sizes of Seabirds Breeding in Scottish SPAs | Lewis, M., et al. | July 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Using a Spatial Overlap Approach to Estimate the Risk of Collisions between Deep Diving Seabirds and Tidal Stream Turbines: A Review of Potential Methods and Approaches | Waggitt, J., Scott, B. | February 2014 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Symbiotic Offshore Energy Harvesting and Storage Systems | Slocum, A. | September 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| A Diving Bird Collision Risk Assessment Framework for Tidal Turbines | Grant, M., Trinder, M., Harding, N. | January 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| Guidelines for a Sustainable Exploitation of Offshore Renewable Energy - Account on Seabird Species | Cruz, E., Simas, T. | December 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds |
| Diving Behaviour of Black Guillemots Cepphus grylle in the Pentland Firth, UK: Potential for Interactions with Tidal Stream Energy Developments | Masden, E., Foster, S., Jackson, A. | October 2013 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds |
| An Evaluation of the Use of Shore-Based Surveys for Estimating Spatial Overlap between Deep-Diving Seabirds and Tidal Stream Turbines | Waggitt, J., Bell, P., Scott, B. | December 2014 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds |
| Investigating the Potential Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Developments on Seabirds | Wade, H. | September 2015 | Thesis | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds |
| Hydropower and Environmental Regulation - A Scottish Perspective | Copestake, P. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds |
| EMEC Fall of Warness Boat-Based Wildlife Surveys (RESPONSE Project) |
University of Aberdeen |
May 2012 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds |
| Finding out the Fate of Displaced Birds | Searle, K., et al. | February 2018 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Modeling At-Sea Density of Marine Birds to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable Energy Planning | Winship, A., et al. | June 2018 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds |
| Contrasting effects of GPS device and harness attachment on adult survival of Lesser Black‐backed Gulls Larus fuscus and Great Skuas Stercorarius skua | Thaxter, C., et al. | April 2016 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds |
| Marine bird colony and at-sea distributions along the Oregon coast: Implications for marine spatial planning and information gap analysis | Suryan, R., et al. | April 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds |
| Meeting Europe's Renewable Energy Targets in Harmony with Nature | BirdLife Europe | January 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds |
| Wave & Tidal Consenting Position Paper Series: Ornithological Impacts | Kirby, A., et al. | October 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave | N/A | Birds |
| Tidal Barrages and Birds | Clark, N. | March 2006 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds |
| First Specific Biodiversity Assessment in the Portuguese Pilot Zone for Marine Renewables | Coelho, H., et al. | June 2012 | Conference Paper | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds, Ecosystem, Marine Mammals |
| Review of Recent Literature Relevant to the Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Devices 2013 | Kropp, R. | January 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds, Fish |
| Summary of Environment Impact of Renewable Energy Resources | Zhu, J., Cheung, K. | December 2012 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds, Fish |
| Multibeam Imaging of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices | Williamson, B., Blondel, P. | December 2012 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Changes in Flow | Birds, Fish |
| Evaluating Effects of Stressors - Fiscal Year 2010 Progress Report: Environmental Effects of Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy | Anderson, R., Copping, A., Van Cleve, F. | November 2010 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | N/A | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals |
| MeyGen Tidal Energy Project Phase 1: Environmental Statement | MeyGen | January 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Environmental Impact Assessment |
| Making Marine Renewable Energy Mainstream | Murray, M. | April 2011 | Presentation | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Fisheries |
| Pathways of Effects for Offshore Renewable Energy in Canada | Isaacman, L., Daborn, G. | December 2011 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, EMF, Habitat Change, Lighting, Noise | Birds, Fish, Invertebrates, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Physical Environment, Reptiles, Human Dimensions |
| Long-Term Multibeam Measurements Around a Tidal Turbine Test Site in Orkney, Scotland | Blondel, P., Williamson, B. | August 2013 | Conference Paper | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Pentland Firth Meygen AR1500 FLOWBEC Platform Multi-beam and Echosounder Data |
Atlantis Resources |
October 2015 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Pentland Firth MeyGen AR1500 and HS1500 Video Camera Data |
Atlantis Resources |
November 2016 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Fall of Warness HyTide 1000 Video Monitoring Data of Wildlife Interactions |
Aquatera Ltd |
May 2014 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Fall of Warness HyTide 1000 Observational Data Informing Video Analysis |
Aquatera Ltd |
June 2014 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| EMEC Fall of Warness FLOWBEC Platform Multi-Beam Sonar and Echosounder Data |
University of Aberdeen |
June 2012 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| EMEC Billia Croo FLOWBEC Platform Multi-Beam Sonar and Echosounder Data |
University of Aberdeen |
July 2013 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Wave | Dynamic Device | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| A Self-Contained Subsea Platform for Acoustic Monitoring of the Environment Around Marine Renewable Energy Devices - Field Deployments at Wave and Tidal Energy Sites in Orkney, Scotland | Williamson, B., et al. | January 2016 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Collision | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Environmental Risk Evaluation System - An Approach to Ranking Risk of Ocean Energy Development on Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Copping, A., et al. | January 2015 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals |
| Pentland Firth Meygen AR1500 Multi-beam Echosounder Data: SGDS Project |
Atlantis Resources |
February 2017 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans, Pinnipeds |
| Wave Energy in Tropical Regions: Deployment Challenges, Environmental and Social Perspectives | Felix, A., et al. | July 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wave | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Human Dimensions, Social & Economic Data |
| Scapa Flow Scale Site: Environmental Description | European Marine Energy Centre | April 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Sea Turtles |
| Shapinsay Sound Scale Site: Environmental Description | European Marine Energy Centre | April 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Nearfield Habitat, Sea Turtles |
| Environmental Scoping Report Westray South Tidal Array | SSE Renewables | October 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Noise, Static Device | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics |
| Reedsport OPT Environmental Assessment | Ocean Power Technologies | December 2010 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Fish, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Socio-economics |
| Assessment of Fish and Wildlife Presence Near Two River Instream Energy Conversion Devices in the Kvichak River, Alaska in 2014 | Nemeth, M., Priest, J., Patterson, H. | December 2014 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Riverine | N/A | Birds, Fish, Terrestrial Mammals |
| A Conflict of Greens: Green Development Versus Habitat Preservation - The Case of Incheon, South Korea | Ko, Y., Schubert, D., Hester, R. | June 2011 | Magazine Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | N/A | Birds, Human Dimensions |
| User Guide for the MRSea Package: Marine Renewables Strategic Environmental Assessment | Scott-Hayward, L., et al. | October 2013 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| Confusion Reigns? A Review of Marine Megafauna Interactions with Tidal-Stream Environments | Benjamins, S., et al. | August 2015 | Book Chapter | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| MR7.2.1 Collision Risk: A Brief Review of Available Information on Behaviour of Mammals and Birds in High Tidal Energy Areas | Onoufriou, J., Thompson, D. | July 2015 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| EMEC Fall of Warness High-Intensity Wildlife Observation Data |
University of Aberdeen |
June 2012 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Dynamic Device | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| EMEC Fall of Warness Wildlife Observation Data |
European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) |
July 2005 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| EMEC Billia Croo High-Intensity Wildlife Observation Data |
University of Aberdeen |
July 2013 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Wave | Dynamic Device | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| Environmental Aspects of Developing Ireland’s Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site (AMETS) | Kavanagh, P., et al. | September 2011 | Conference Paper | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| Analysis of the Possible Displacement of Bird and Marine Mammal Species Related to the Installation and Operation of Marine Energy Conversion Systems | Long, C. | January 2017 | Report | Marine Energy (General) | Displacement, Habitat Change | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| SeaGen Tidal Turbine - An Exercise in Adaptive Management | Ainsworth, D. | April 2011 | Presentation | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals |
| EMEC Billia Croo Wildlife Observation Data |
European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) |
June 2009 | Dataset | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Cetaceans |
| Final Report on the Acoustic, Marine Mammal and Bird Monitoring Studies During Phase 1 Pile Driving Activities | ORPC Maine | June 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | Noise | Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| EMEC Billia Croo Wave Test Site: Wildlife Observations Project Annual Report | Marine Scotland | May 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| EMEC Fall of Warness Tidal Test Site: Wildlife Observations Project Annual Report | Marine Scotland | May 2014 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Marine Mammals, Pinnipeds |
| Effective Monitoring Strategies | Conley, D. | April 2011 | Presentation | Marine Energy (General), Wave | Changes in Flow | Birds, Physical Environment, Sediment Transport, Water Quality |
| Birds and Wave & Tidal Stream Energy: An Ecological Review | McCluskie, A., Langston, R., Wilkinson, N. | January 2012 | Report | Marine Energy (General), Tidal, Wave | Attraction, Avoidance, Changes in Flow, Chemicals, Collision, Habitat Change, Noise | Birds, Raptors, Seabirds, Shorebirds |
| Seabird Conservation and Tidal Stream and Wave Power Generation: Information Needs for Predicting and Managing Potential Impacts | Langton, R., Davies, I., Scott, B. | September 2011 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave | Static Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Using the FLOWBEC Seabed Frame to Understand Underwater Interactions between Diving Seabirds, Prey, Hydrodynamics and Tidal and Wave Energy Structures | Williamson, B., et al. | April 2014 | Presentation | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Seabird Surveys in High Energy Marine Sites; Marrying Best Practice and Guidance | Jackson, D., Pinder, S. | April 2014 | Presentation | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Seabirds and Marine Renewables: Are we Asking the Right Questions? | Scott, B., et al. | February 2014 | Book Chapter | Marine Energy general | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Quantifying Pursuit-Diving Seabirds' Associations with Fine-Scale Physical Features in Tidal Stream Environments | Waggitt, J., et al. | December 2016 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Using kernel density estimation to explore habitat use by seabirds at a marine renewable wave energy test facility | Leesa, K., Guerin, A., Masden, E. | January 2016 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Predictable Hydrodynamic Conditions Explain Temporal Variations in the Density of Benthic Foraging Seabirds in a Tidal Stream Environment | Waggitt, J., et al. | July 2016 | Conference Paper | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Visualising the Aspect-Dependent Radar Cross Section of Seabirds over a Tidal Energy Test Site Using a Commercial Marine Radar System | McCann, D., Bell, P. | April 2017 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Seabird Ecology in High-Energy Environments: Approaches to Assessing Impacts of Marine Renewables | Robbins, A. | July 2017 | Thesis | Marine Energy general | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Comparative Studies Reveal Variability in the use of Tidal Stream Environments by Seabirds | Waggitt, J., et al. | July 2017 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Black Guillemot Ecology in Relation to Tidal Stream Energy Generation: An Evaluation of Current Knowledge and Information Gaps | Johnston, D., et al. | March 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Tidal | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Modeling At-Sea Occurrence and Abundance of Marine Birds to Support Atlantic Marine Renewable Energy Planning: Phase 1 Report | Kinlan, B., et al. | May 2016 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Seabird Distribution and Abundance in the Offshore Environment Final Report | Kuletz, K., Labunski, E. | February 2017 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| The Ornithodolite as a tool to quantify animal space use and habitat selection: a case study with birds diving in tidal waters | Cole, E., et al. | May 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general | Dynamic Device | Birds, Seabirds |
| Tracking seabirds to identify ecologically important and high risk marine areas in the western North Atlantic | Montevecchi, W., et al. | November 2012 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Identifying ecologically important marine areas for seabirds using behavioural information in combination with distribution patterns | Camphuysen, K., et al. | November 2012 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Seabird Surveys at Ireland’s Atlantic Marine Energy Test Site (AMETS) | Hunt, J., Beaubier, J., McLoughlin, D. | January 2011 | Report | Marine Energy general, Wave | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Population Trends of Breeding Seabird Colonies in Scottish SPAs | Malcolm, F., Lye, G., Lewis, M. | July 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Population Sizes of Seabirds breeding in Scottish Special Protection Areas | Lewis, M., et al. | July 2012 | Report | Marine Energy general, Tidal, Wave, Wind Energy general, Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Evaluating habitat, prey, and mesopredator associations in a community of marine birds | Goyert, H., et al. | September 2018 | Journal Article | Marine Energy general, Wind Energy general | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Incorporating Data Uncertainty when Estimating Potential Vulnerability of Scottish Seabirds to Marine Renewable Energy Developments | Wade, H., et al. | August 2016 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General) | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Potential Impacts of Wave-Powered Marine Renewable Energy Installations on Marine Birds | Grecian, W., et al. | August 2010 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wave | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| Localised anthropogenic wake generates a predictable foraging hotspot for top predators | Lieber, L., et al. | April 2019 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Attraction, Changes in Flow | Birds, Seabirds |
| Great Skua (Stercorarius skua) Movements at Sea in Relation to Marine Renewable Energy Developments | Wade, H., et al. | October 2014 | Journal Article | Marine Energy (General), Wind Energy (General), Offshore Wind | N/A | Birds, Seabirds |
| A Review of Marine Bird Diving Behaviour: Assessing Underwater Collision Risk with Tidal Turbines | Robbins, A., et al. | May 2014 | Presentation | Marine Energy (General), Tidal | Avoidance, Collision | Birds, Seabirds |
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